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The primary purpose of this article is to introduce you to a few fundamentals of genetics and explore some of the standard diseases where these basics apply towards dog health.

You will discover possibly 400 genetic diseases in dogs that have been reported. Many dog diseases are rare, while the rest are so common they are believed to be normal day-to-day dog health problems. Often times, existing information of canine genetic diseases is based on minimal information. This is why there are so many discrepancies in literature regarding genetic diseases.

There are situations where a small group of closely related dogs had been researched In this group, it seemed like a disease had a clear-cut genetic aspect but when this information was applied to a big group, the results were different. This is not the fault of dog health researchers, but relates to the fact that the initial group of dogs was not large enough to make true genetic interpretations.

To help you understand genetics in dog disease, let's talk about some of the terminology used in dog health.:

Congenital Dog Diseases

This is a disease that is present at birth. It may be inherited or the result of intrauterine factors. The intrauterine factors normally involved are systematic disease of the female, nutritional deficiencies, toxicity, or the effect on dog health from a drug consumed during the dog's pregnancy. Physical factors can also result in congenital diseases.

Hereditary Dog Illnesses

Many dog health issues are caused by an inherited disease, which is a disease that is transmitted on the genes. For example, hairlip and cleft palate can be inherited and are apparent at birth. Unfortunately, not all inherited diseases are obvious at birth. A dog with progressive retinal atrophy may be healthy at weaning and develop clinical blindness by seven months of age. Other dogs may not develop indications of diminished vision until they are six years of age. Congenital diseases appear later in life are referred to as "latent".

Acquired Dog Diseases

An acquired disease is one that is because of exogenous factors (those which are external to the body). In some occurrences of dog health problems, acquired diseases may look similar to inherited ones, such as cataracts, for example. Some are acquired from metabolic, toxic, or contagious diseases. And some are the result of inheritance. When examining the individual dog health of the animal in question, it is tough to tell which was the cause.

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